Treatment of liver cancer
The method of treating patients with liver cancer depends on age, stage of cancer and the patient's health condition. Some commonly used treatment methods include:
Operation
Surgery is performed if the cancer is small (there are tumors less than 5 cm or 2 to 3 tumors less than 3 cm) and have not spread to other organs. The surgical method for liver cancer is partial hepatectomy, which involves removing the part of the liver affected by cancer. This choice is made if the patient's heart condition is always good.
Another surgical option for patients with liver cancer is liver transplantation. This procedure involves removing the liver from the patient and replacing it with the donor's liver. Although this can reduce the risk of liver cancer, patients have to wait long enough to get a donor. Apart from having enough liver, there is not enough donor liver. In many cases, patients can undergo ablation or chemoembolization while awaiting the availability of donors.
Like all other medical procedures, liver cancer surgery also carries risks. This includes infection, bleeding, blood clots and complications due to anesthetic reactions (anesthesia).
Tumor ablation
Ablation aims to destroy cancer cells without having to lift them. This method is used in small cancer cells, or applied if the patient cannot undergo surgery. Some ablation methods include:
This procedure is done by making an incision in the abdomen and inserting one or more needles at the location of the tumor. The needle is then electrified to heat and destroy cancer cells.
Just like West Germany, cyroablation aims to destroy cancer cells, but by freezing them with liquid nitrogen.
Ethanol ablation is done by injecting ethanol directly into the tumor to kill cancer cells. This procedure is also called percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI).
embolization
Embolization is the process of injecting drugs to block or reduce blood flow to cancer cells in the liver. This procedure is done if the tumor size is greater than 5 cm.
Chemoembolization or trans arterial chemoembolisation (TACE), is a therapy that combines chemotherapy and embolization. This procedure is done by injecting the drug into the cancer area, and inhibiting blood flow to the cancer cells in the liver.
Chemoembolization is performed on patients who cannot undergo surgery, and in patients who are waiting for a liver donor. In addition, chemoembolization can be done to shrink the size of the tumor, until it is small enough to be removed through surgery.
This procedure should not be carried out in people with cirrhosis, liver and kidney dysfunction, blood clotting disorders, or there is blockage in the bile duct.
Radioembolization is a type of internal radiotherapy, to treat cancer that cannot be removed surgically. This procedure is also performed on intestinal cancer that spreads to the liver. Radioembolization is done by inserting small balls called microspheres into blood vessels that supply blood to the liver (hepatic artery). In addition to functioning to inhibit the blood supply to cancer cells so as not to develop, the microsphere also releases radiation to destroy the cancer cells.
radiotherapy
Radiation therapy or radiation therapy uses very strong radiation to kill cancer cells. One type of radiotherapy for liver cancer is external radiation therapy, which involves directing the radiation beam to the patient's body. Besides being used to reduce cancer cells, external radiation can also relieve symptoms, such as pain. However, this treatment should not be done too often, especially if the radiation is high enough. This can damage healthy liver tissue.
Another method of radiotherapy is stereotactic radiosurgery, which involves sending radiation beams into targeted cells in a targeted manner. The radiation beam will be triggered repeatedly, in one day or more.
Targeted therapy
The target of treatment is to provide pills, which are commonly used in the treatment of advanced liver cancer. This therapy is used if other therapies are not effective. The drugs commonly used in targeted therapy are sorafenib and regorafenib. Both of these drugs work by preventing the formation of new blood vessels and by inhibiting the amount of protein that cancer cells need to grow.
Operation
Surgery is performed if the cancer is small (there are tumors less than 5 cm or 2 to 3 tumors less than 3 cm) and have not spread to other organs. The surgical method for liver cancer is partial hepatectomy, which involves removing the part of the liver affected by cancer. This choice is made if the patient's heart condition is always good.
Another surgical option for patients with liver cancer is liver transplantation. This procedure involves removing the liver from the patient and replacing it with the donor's liver. Although this can reduce the risk of liver cancer, patients have to wait long enough to get a donor. Apart from having enough liver, there is not enough donor liver. In many cases, patients can undergo ablation or chemoembolization while awaiting the availability of donors.
Like all other medical procedures, liver cancer surgery also carries risks. This includes infection, bleeding, blood clots and complications due to anesthetic reactions (anesthesia).
Tumor ablation
Ablation aims to destroy cancer cells without having to lift them. This method is used in small cancer cells, or applied if the patient cannot undergo surgery. Some ablation methods include:
- Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
This procedure is done by making an incision in the abdomen and inserting one or more needles at the location of the tumor. The needle is then electrified to heat and destroy cancer cells.
- Cyroablation
Just like West Germany, cyroablation aims to destroy cancer cells, but by freezing them with liquid nitrogen.
- Ethanol ablation (alcohol)
Ethanol ablation is done by injecting ethanol directly into the tumor to kill cancer cells. This procedure is also called percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI).
embolization
Embolization is the process of injecting drugs to block or reduce blood flow to cancer cells in the liver. This procedure is done if the tumor size is greater than 5 cm.
- Chemoembolization
Chemoembolization or trans arterial chemoembolisation (TACE), is a therapy that combines chemotherapy and embolization. This procedure is done by injecting the drug into the cancer area, and inhibiting blood flow to the cancer cells in the liver.
Chemoembolization is performed on patients who cannot undergo surgery, and in patients who are waiting for a liver donor. In addition, chemoembolization can be done to shrink the size of the tumor, until it is small enough to be removed through surgery.
This procedure should not be carried out in people with cirrhosis, liver and kidney dysfunction, blood clotting disorders, or there is blockage in the bile duct.
- Radioembolization
Radioembolization is a type of internal radiotherapy, to treat cancer that cannot be removed surgically. This procedure is also performed on intestinal cancer that spreads to the liver. Radioembolization is done by inserting small balls called microspheres into blood vessels that supply blood to the liver (hepatic artery). In addition to functioning to inhibit the blood supply to cancer cells so as not to develop, the microsphere also releases radiation to destroy the cancer cells.
radiotherapy
Radiation therapy or radiation therapy uses very strong radiation to kill cancer cells. One type of radiotherapy for liver cancer is external radiation therapy, which involves directing the radiation beam to the patient's body. Besides being used to reduce cancer cells, external radiation can also relieve symptoms, such as pain. However, this treatment should not be done too often, especially if the radiation is high enough. This can damage healthy liver tissue.
Another method of radiotherapy is stereotactic radiosurgery, which involves sending radiation beams into targeted cells in a targeted manner. The radiation beam will be triggered repeatedly, in one day or more.
Targeted therapy
The target of treatment is to provide pills, which are commonly used in the treatment of advanced liver cancer. This therapy is used if other therapies are not effective. The drugs commonly used in targeted therapy are sorafenib and regorafenib. Both of these drugs work by preventing the formation of new blood vessels and by inhibiting the amount of protein that cancer cells need to grow.
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