Frequent fatigue can be a symptom of plasma cell disease

Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that secretes large amounts of antibodies. Symptoms of diseases that attack plasma cells, especially neoplasms, may include extreme fatigue, difficulty swallowing food, diarrhea, and anemia.

Each plasma cell, capable of releasing thousands of antibody molecules when needed. After being released into the blood and lymph nodes, antibody molecules produced by plasma cells bind to foreign substances and then destroy them. When health problems are resolved (for example, infections), the production of antibody molecules from plasma cells will slowly decrease.


Get to know the types of plasma cell disease

The existence of abnormal growth of plasma cells can cause a condition called plasma cell neoplasia. This happens when the body contains too many plasma cells and this condition may be benign or malignant. Plasma cell neoplasms are more common in middle-aged or older men, black skin, who have been previously exposed to radiation or other chemicals, and have a history of neoplasms.

In addition, plasma cells also form M protein, an antibody protein that actually does not help fight infection and is not even necessary for the body. Stacks of M protein in the bone marrow can also cause interference, causing blood clots and kidney damage.

There are several types of neoplasms in plasma cells, including:

  • Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
This condition is not classified as cancer, but has a risk of becoming cancerous. MGUS occurs when less than 10% of the bone marrow is abnormal plasma cells, but there is no cancer. These abnormal cells form M proteins that are actually safe. GGU can cause cancer, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma. In addition, MGUS can cause other serious conditions, such as amyloidosis, a buildup of amyloid protein in tissues or organs. Nerve, heart and kidney disorders can also occur in MGUS.
  • Plasmasitoma
Plasmasitoma occurs when abnormal growth of plasma cells forms tumors in parts of the body. Plasmasitomes can be classified into two types: - Plasmasitomes are isolated in the bone. In this condition, less than 10% of bone marrow is composed of plasma cells, but none of them cause cancer symptoms. Plasmasitoma of the bone, can cause pain or fractures.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma occurs when a plasmosytic tumor is present in soft tissue, such as the throat, and not in the bone or bone marrow. These tumors can compress and cause pain or other abnormalities in the tumor growth area. For example, a tumor in the throat can make it difficult for people to swallow food.
  • Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer from the bone marrow. This disease is usually not a tumor or size. Myeloma cells grow and spread in the bone marrow, which prevents them from interfering with the production of healthy blood cells, usually affecting various parts of the body, such as the skull, ribs, and pelvis. This condition can have an adverse effect if it has reached an advanced stage, namely:
- Fatigue and shortness of breath due to anemia.
- Have kidney problems.
- Bones crack easily.
- Bruises, bleeding gums and abnormal bleeding.
- The infection recurs continuously.

As mentioned above, a small portion of plasmosytic neoplasms can trigger a condition called amyloidosis, which consists of an accumulation of abnormal proteins called amyloid proteins. This condition can occur in various organs or body tissues.

These symptoms are usually caused by feeling tired, swollen tongue, purple spots on the skin, diarrhea or swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the body's tissues.

To treat plasma cell disease, your doctor will check your medical and physical history. In addition, doctors will also do blood and immunoglobulin tests, biopsies, urinary tests, MRI or CT scans. Manipulation of plasma neoplasms is achieved by several methods, including pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, surgery, or a combination of these methods.

If you experience the symptoms of plasma cell disease mentioned above, it is advisable to visit a doctor immediately, so that the right treatment is given as soon as possible.

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