Treatment of pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension is an incurable disease. The treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension is therefore intended to relieve symptoms and inhibit disease progression. If diagnosed and treated early, permanent damage to the pulmonary artery can be prevented.
Drug administration is a possible therapeutic option. The types of drugs that can be given to patients with pulmonary hypertension are:
In addition to certain medications and therapies, some patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension can also undergo surgery to treat the symptoms that occur. Operations that can be performed include:
To optimize treatment efforts to relieve symptoms, people with this disease must also change their lifestyle so that their living conditions improve. The following steps can be taken to change the lifestyle of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, namely:
With treatment and lifestyle changes, disease progression can be slowed down and the patient's condition maintained. In addition, the support of family and friends is very important for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, because this disease can cause people to feel depressed and anxious.
Drug administration is a possible therapeutic option. The types of drugs that can be given to patients with pulmonary hypertension are:
- Sildenafil or tadalafil. Sildenafil and tadalafil both work to open up the pulmonary blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Side effects that can be caused are headaches, stomach problems and vision problems.
- Calcium antagonist. This drug is used to relax the muscles of blood vessels and is only effective in certain patients with pulmonary hypertension. Some drugs in this group include nifedipine, diltiazem and amlodipine.
- Anticoagulants. An anticoagulant drug that inhibits the formation of blood clots. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that is often used. However, its use must be monitored because it can increase the risk of bleeding.
- Diuretic. Diuretics are drugs that work to reduce the amount of fluid in the body and limit the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, so that the heart's work is lighter.
- Digoxin. Digoxin is a drug that helps the heart function so that it can pump more blood and control heart rate.
- Iloprost. This drug is used by breathing steam using a nebulizer motor six to nine times a day to open narrowed blood vessels. However, this drug can cause side effects such as headaches, nausea and chest pain.
In addition to certain medications and therapies, some patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension can also undergo surgery to treat the symptoms that occur. Operations that can be performed include:
- Pulmonary endarterectomy. This action is done to remove blood clots in the pulmonary arteries. This procedure is performed on patients with pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary embolism.
- Balloon lung angioplasty. This procedure is performed to restore blood fluidity to the lungs. In this procedure, a small balloon is placed and temporarily developed in the artery to open the blockage of blood flow to the pulmonary artery.
- Atrial septostomy. Aortic septostomy is performed to treat symptoms that cannot be controlled by drug administration. In this procedure, the doctor performs open heart surgery to create an empty space between the left and right pores of the heart to relieve pressure on the right side of the heart. Thus, the heart can pump blood more efficiently. However, this procedure can cause serious complications, such as disorders of the heart rhythm (arrhythmia).
- Lung or heart-lung transplantation. If pulmonary hypertension is very serious, the choice is transplant. This procedure is carried out on ik. This procedure can also be done if there is treatment. The most important transplant risk is rejection of the transplanted organ, which leads to a serious inflammatory reaction. After transplantation, patients must take immunosuppressive drugs or lifelong suppressants to reduce the risk of rejection.
To optimize treatment efforts to relieve symptoms, people with this disease must also change their lifestyle so that their living conditions improve. The following steps can be taken to change the lifestyle of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, namely:
- Proper rest can help reduce the symptoms of weakness due to pulmonary hypertension.
- Stay active in sports by choosing exercises that can be done, such as jogging. However, you should consult with your doctor before doing so.
- Avoid activities that can reduce blood pressure, such as swimming in hot water or a sauna, as well as physical activities that make muscles tense for too long.
- Stop smoking, especially by avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Avoid staying or staying too long in the highlands, because this can worsen the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension.
- Use of contraception to prevent pregnancy, because pregnancy can be dangerous for patients with pulmonary hypertension.
- Produce a vaccine against pneumonia and influenza, because both of these diseases can worsen pulmonary arterial hypertension.
With treatment and lifestyle changes, disease progression can be slowed down and the patient's condition maintained. In addition, the support of family and friends is very important for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, because this disease can cause people to feel depressed and anxious.
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