Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke is a condition of cerebral artery rupture that causes bleeding around the organs, so blood flow in some parts of the brain is reduced or disrupted. Without the supply of oxygen carried by blood cells, brain cells can die quickly, permanently disrupting brain function.
Bleeding at the time of rupture of blood vessels in the brain is called intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas bleeding of blood vessels in the space between the layers that surround the central and inner brain is called meningeal bleeding.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke
Symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke can vary depending on the degree of tissue disturbance, location, and severity of bleeding.
Symptoms of an intracerebral hemorrhage stroke (brain hemorrhage) include:
Weakness, paralysis on one side of the body, speech disturbance, eyes can not be moved in a certain direction, loss of vision and confused appearance can also occur.
Meanwhile, subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke (subarachnoid hemorrhage) is presented with the first symptoms of double vision and sudden headaches. These symptoms appear before the blood vessels burst. After the blood vessels rupture, the following symptoms may appear:
Symptoms of meningeal bleeding can worsen within 24 hours. Cerebrospinal fluid irritates the protective layer of the brain (meningenes), causing symptoms of stiff neck, back pain, dizziness and can be followed by vomiting. Symptoms of heavy bleeding that can cause unconsciousness can appear suddenly. Patients must be immediately taken to the hospital. It often happens that a person goes into a coma or dies before reaching the hospital.
Causes of hemorrhagic stroke
The cause of hemorrhagic stroke is the rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Several factors may be triggers, including:
Diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke
A patient can be diagnosed with a symptom-based hemorrhagic stroke, which is supported by examination. Support checks conducted are:
Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke treatment is based on the cause, severity, and location of the bleeding. Hemorrhagic stroke victims will be treated in intensive care units so that their condition can be monitored closely.
Hemorrhagic stroke management aims to control bleeding and prevent complications.
Manipulation is done by giving drugs. If a hemorrhagic stroke occurs, patients who routinely take blood-thinning medication will be temporarily detained because it will aggravate the bleeding. Even if necessary, give medicines to help blood clots. These include vitamin K intake, platelet blood transfusion or clotting factors.
Analgesics can also be given to patients to relieve headaches. However, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not recommended for patients with hemorrhagic strokes because they will only worsen bleeding. In addition, laxatives can also be given to prevent the patient from pressing too hard on the stool, which can increase pressure on the blood vessels of the head frame.
To prevent the development of more serious bleeding, doctors can give medicines such as calcium antagonists. This treatment is designed to maintain low blood pressure so that bleeding does not occur again. If the patient has a seizure, anticonvulsant drugs will be given.
In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, a brain tube can be placed to extract cerebrospinal fluid. This action aims to reduce pressure on the brain and prevent hydrocephalus.
In cases of very severe hemorrhagic stroke, surgery is needed to repair blood vessels and stop bleeding, especially if a stroke occurs due to arterial-venous malformations. However, this procedure must be carefully calculated because the only surgical procedure can cause other brain damage.
After treatment, the patient's recovery depends on the severity of the stroke and damage to brain tissue. Hemorrhagic stroke victims who are not complicated can recover a few weeks after returning from hospital. But for patients with hemorrhagic stroke who have tissue damage, additional treatment is needed, including physical therapy, activity, or speech therapy. This therapy aims to restore the function of damaged tissue so that they can function normally again.
Complications of hemorrhagic stroke
Complications that can be caused by hemorrhagic stroke are:
Prevention of hemorrhagic stroke
The risk of hemorrhagic stroke can be prevented by avoiding the factors that can trigger it. For example, if you have high blood pressure or high blood pressure, treat with medications prescribed by your doctor and adopt a healthy and recommended lifestyle. For example, eat healthy foods and exercise regularly. Perform periodic checks to ensure blood pressure remains normal.
In addition, because hemorrhagic strokes can also be caused by head injuries, be careful when doing various activities, both inside and outside the home. For example, when riding a motorcycle, always use a helmet that meets the recommended standards (SNI) and always follows the rules of the road. Likewise, if you drive a car, always use a seat belt and be careful when driving.
Regarding the risk of hemorrhagic stroke using warfarin, always follow the rules and dosage set by the doctor.
Bleeding at the time of rupture of blood vessels in the brain is called intracerebral hemorrhage, whereas bleeding of blood vessels in the space between the layers that surround the central and inner brain is called meningeal bleeding.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke can vary depending on the degree of tissue disturbance, location, and severity of bleeding.
Symptoms of an intracerebral hemorrhage stroke (brain hemorrhage) include:
- Severe headache.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Awareness decreases.
- Convulsions.
Weakness, paralysis on one side of the body, speech disturbance, eyes can not be moved in a certain direction, loss of vision and confused appearance can also occur.
Meanwhile, subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke (subarachnoid hemorrhage) is presented with the first symptoms of double vision and sudden headaches. These symptoms appear before the blood vessels burst. After the blood vessels rupture, the following symptoms may appear:
- Pain in the face or around the eyes.
- Blurred vision.
- Stiff neck.
- Awareness decreases.
Symptoms of meningeal bleeding can worsen within 24 hours. Cerebrospinal fluid irritates the protective layer of the brain (meningenes), causing symptoms of stiff neck, back pain, dizziness and can be followed by vomiting. Symptoms of heavy bleeding that can cause unconsciousness can appear suddenly. Patients must be immediately taken to the hospital. It often happens that a person goes into a coma or dies before reaching the hospital.
Causes of hemorrhagic stroke
The cause of hemorrhagic stroke is the rupture of blood vessels in the brain. Several factors may be triggers, including:
- Hypertension.
- Serious injury to the head.
- Abnormalities of blood vessels in the brain from birth (congenital abnormalities in the form of arterial and venous malformations).
- Brain aneurysm.
- Liver disease.
- Blood disorders, such as sickle cell disease and hemophilia.
- Brain tumor.
- Side effects from the use of anticoagulants or anticoagulants, such as warfarin.
Diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke
A patient can be diagnosed with a symptom-based hemorrhagic stroke, which is supported by examination. Support checks conducted are:
- Computed tomography or MRI to determine the level of tissue damage to the brain and brain angiography to determine the appearance of bleeding.
- Examination of cerebrospinal fluid by taking fluids from areas of the brain and spine. This examination is carried out only if the results of a CT scan or MRI are still inadequate.
Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke treatment is based on the cause, severity, and location of the bleeding. Hemorrhagic stroke victims will be treated in intensive care units so that their condition can be monitored closely.
Hemorrhagic stroke management aims to control bleeding and prevent complications.
Manipulation is done by giving drugs. If a hemorrhagic stroke occurs, patients who routinely take blood-thinning medication will be temporarily detained because it will aggravate the bleeding. Even if necessary, give medicines to help blood clots. These include vitamin K intake, platelet blood transfusion or clotting factors.
Analgesics can also be given to patients to relieve headaches. However, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not recommended for patients with hemorrhagic strokes because they will only worsen bleeding. In addition, laxatives can also be given to prevent the patient from pressing too hard on the stool, which can increase pressure on the blood vessels of the head frame.
To prevent the development of more serious bleeding, doctors can give medicines such as calcium antagonists. This treatment is designed to maintain low blood pressure so that bleeding does not occur again. If the patient has a seizure, anticonvulsant drugs will be given.
In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, a brain tube can be placed to extract cerebrospinal fluid. This action aims to reduce pressure on the brain and prevent hydrocephalus.
In cases of very severe hemorrhagic stroke, surgery is needed to repair blood vessels and stop bleeding, especially if a stroke occurs due to arterial-venous malformations. However, this procedure must be carefully calculated because the only surgical procedure can cause other brain damage.
After treatment, the patient's recovery depends on the severity of the stroke and damage to brain tissue. Hemorrhagic stroke victims who are not complicated can recover a few weeks after returning from hospital. But for patients with hemorrhagic stroke who have tissue damage, additional treatment is needed, including physical therapy, activity, or speech therapy. This therapy aims to restore the function of damaged tissue so that they can function normally again.
Complications of hemorrhagic stroke
Complications that can be caused by hemorrhagic stroke are:
- Convulsions.
- Disturbances in mind and memory.
- Heart problems
- Difficulty swallowing, eating or drinking.
Prevention of hemorrhagic stroke
The risk of hemorrhagic stroke can be prevented by avoiding the factors that can trigger it. For example, if you have high blood pressure or high blood pressure, treat with medications prescribed by your doctor and adopt a healthy and recommended lifestyle. For example, eat healthy foods and exercise regularly. Perform periodic checks to ensure blood pressure remains normal.
In addition, because hemorrhagic strokes can also be caused by head injuries, be careful when doing various activities, both inside and outside the home. For example, when riding a motorcycle, always use a helmet that meets the recommended standards (SNI) and always follows the rules of the road. Likewise, if you drive a car, always use a seat belt and be careful when driving.
Regarding the risk of hemorrhagic stroke using warfarin, always follow the rules and dosage set by the doctor.
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