Hiccup
Hiccup or singultus is a condition when someone makes a 'hik' sound accidentally. Hiccups can occur for a few seconds or minutes (temporary) to more than 48 hours (prolonged). Everyone has experienced this condition, including infants and children.
In addition to making "rising" sounds, hiccups also cause pressure on the chest, stomach and throat. Contact your doctor right away if hiccups are accompanied by dizziness, if your limbs are weak or stiff and you lose balance.
Causes of hiccups
Hiccups occur when the muscles that separate the stomach and chest (diaphragm) contract accidentally. The diaphragm plays an important role in the human respiratory system. Indeed, the body depends on contraction and movement of the diaphragm so that the breathing process runs normally.
By inhaling, the diaphragm muscles decrease (contraction) and rise (relax) when we exhale. In hiccups, the diaphragm muscles will suddenly contract, causing air to enter the lungs too quickly, so that the airway valve closes and produces a "hik" sound.
This sudden diaphragm muscle contraction can be triggered by a variety of factors that only last a long time. Temporary hiccups can be caused by many factors, such as spicy food, soft and alcoholic drinks, chewing or sucking sweets, smoking and excessive or excessive consumption. In addition, sudden changes in temperature, nervousness, excessive excitement, or stress can also trigger temporary hiccups.
Prolonged hiccups that last more than 2 days can be triggered by:
In addition to the medical conditions mentioned above, prolonged hiccups can also occur due to side effects from drug use, including:
Hiccup diagnosis
Temporary hiccups will disappear by itself without further examination or treatment. Meanwhile, prolonged hiccups require further investigation to find the cause. First, the doctor will do a physical examination of the patient, especially the examination of nerves relating to balance and coordination, muscle strength, reflexes, sensory nerves and vision.
Some investigations are needed to find the cause of hiccups, namely:
How to get rid of hiccups
Temporary hiccups can disappear by themselves without special care. Several ways can be used to reduce it faster, such as:
Special care must be taken if the hiccups last a long time or are caused by disease. Prolonged hiccup treatment can be done with baclofen, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, gabapentin or scopolamine to calm the diaphragm. If the administration of the above drugs has not been able to cope with hiccups, the doctor will inject the anesthetic directly into the nerves that control diaphragm contractions.
For hiccups that cannot be treated with drugs, the doctor will provide electrical nerve stimulation in the neck using special tools. And keep in mind, hiccups due to disease, so treatment of the disease is necessary.
hiccup complications
Complications that can occur due to hiccups, namely:
Causes of hiccups
Hiccups occur when the muscles that separate the stomach and chest (diaphragm) contract accidentally. The diaphragm plays an important role in the human respiratory system. Indeed, the body depends on contraction and movement of the diaphragm so that the breathing process runs normally.
By inhaling, the diaphragm muscles decrease (contraction) and rise (relax) when we exhale. In hiccups, the diaphragm muscles will suddenly contract, causing air to enter the lungs too quickly, so that the airway valve closes and produces a "hik" sound.
This sudden diaphragm muscle contraction can be triggered by a variety of factors that only last a long time. Temporary hiccups can be caused by many factors, such as spicy food, soft and alcoholic drinks, chewing or sucking sweets, smoking and excessive or excessive consumption. In addition, sudden changes in temperature, nervousness, excessive excitement, or stress can also trigger temporary hiccups.
Prolonged hiccups that last more than 2 days can be triggered by:
- Digestive system disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal obstruction or inflammation of the liver.
- Nerve disorders, for example due to inflammation of the airways and growth of tumors or cysts in the neck.
- Brain disorders, such as bleeding, stroke, inflammation and brain infections, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis and hydrocephalus.
- Disorders of the chest cavity, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, bronchitis, chest injuries, and pulmonary embolism.
- Heart problems, such as heart attacks and pleurisy.
- Mental disorders, such as anorexia and schizophrenia.
In addition to the medical conditions mentioned above, prolonged hiccups can also occur due to side effects from drug use, including:
- dope
- Sedatives, such as diazepam.
- Chemotherapy drugs, such as carboplatin.
- Methyldopa.
- Dexamethasone.
Hiccup diagnosis
Temporary hiccups will disappear by itself without further examination or treatment. Meanwhile, prolonged hiccups require further investigation to find the cause. First, the doctor will do a physical examination of the patient, especially the examination of nerves relating to balance and coordination, muscle strength, reflexes, sensory nerves and vision.
Some investigations are needed to find the cause of hiccups, namely:
- Blood test, to see signs of infection as a trigger for hiccups.
- Imaging tests, to detect abnormalities that affect the nerve. Several types of imaging tests can be done, namely X-rays, CT or MRI.
- Endoscopy, to see the state of the esophagus or respiratory tract.
- Electrocardiography (ECG), to check the condition of the heart.
How to get rid of hiccups
Temporary hiccups can disappear by themselves without special care. Several ways can be used to reduce it faster, such as:
- Eat hot water and honey
- Gargle
- Hold your breath
- Take a deep breath
- Breathe using a paper bag
- Eat fresh ginger
- Suck lemon slices
Special care must be taken if the hiccups last a long time or are caused by disease. Prolonged hiccup treatment can be done with baclofen, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, gabapentin or scopolamine to calm the diaphragm. If the administration of the above drugs has not been able to cope with hiccups, the doctor will inject the anesthetic directly into the nerves that control diaphragm contractions.
For hiccups that cannot be treated with drugs, the doctor will provide electrical nerve stimulation in the neck using special tools. And keep in mind, hiccups due to disease, so treatment of the disease is necessary.
hiccup complications
Complications that can occur due to hiccups, namely:
- bad taste
- Lack of sleep
- Difficult when eating
- acid reflux disease (GERD)
- alkalosis
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