Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is swelling of the kidneys due to the buildup of urine. Urine cannot flow from the kidneys to the bladder. This condition usually occurs in one kidney, but does not rule out the possibility of occurring simultaneously in both kidneys. This disease is not a major disease, but a secondary condition of other diseases that develop in the body.
If detected and treated as soon as possible, hydronephrosis rarely causes long-term complications. However, if left unchecked, this kidney swelling can cause urinary tract infections and kidney scarring, which causes kidney failure.
Anyone of any age, even fetal development (prenatal hydronephrosis), can be affected by this condition. This treatment is done to get rid of people who are obstructing the flow of urine, either by administering medication or by surgery.
Symptoms of hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis can develop suddenly or slowly. Mild symptoms can include frequent urination and increased desire to urinate.
A number of other symptoms that accompany kidney swelling or hydronephrosis are:
Hydronephrosis in infants usually does not cause symptoms, but signs of urinary tract infections, such as fever for no apparent reason, should be suspected as symptoms of hydronephrosis. Some cases of hydronephrosis in adults are asymptomatic.
Causes of hydronephrosis
Kidney swelling is a result of other diseases that affect the patient. Hydronephrosis occurs when there is a disruption or blockage in the urinary tract, so that urine is trapped in the kidney because it cannot be removed. This accumulation will cause kidney swelling or hydronephrosis.
Some conditions that can block urine flow and swell the kidneys are:
Diagnosis of hydronephrosis
At the beginning of the examination, the doctor will ask questions about the symptoms and medical history of the patient and his family. In addition, the doctor can do a physical examination, including checking the condition of the urinary system and feel the condition of the kidneys by pressing gently on the stomach and pelvis.
To find the cause of hydronephrosis, a series of tests can be performed, including:
Hydronephrosis treatment
Hydronephrosis manipulation aims to eliminate the blockage of urine flow, which is adjusted to the cause and severity of the patient.
Hydronephrosis that occurs in pregnant women, fetuses or infants usually does not require treatment. In pregnant women, the condition will usually improve a few weeks after giving birth. Whereas in infants, a few months after birth. However, analysis still needs to be done to avoid persistent problems.
In the case of kidney swelling due to a blockage of the ureter, the doctor can install a tube to dilate the ureter (stent) and drain urine into the bladder or nephrostomy duct which drains urine directly from the kidney outside the body. While giving antibiotics and painkillers can also be given to overcome urinary tract infections.
In addition to inserting a tube or administering a drug, a surgical procedure can also be performed by a doctor in the treatment of hydronephrosis. Surgery is performed to treat kidney swelling due to kidney stones or prostate enlargement. This procedure is also done in the case of scarring or blood clots, which cause urinary tract blockages. As for hydronephrosis due to cancer, surgical procedures may be related to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Complications of hydronephrosis
Possible complications due to hydronephrosis are kidney failure due to permanent kidney damage. This condition occurs if hydronephrosis is not treated properly. However, if the kidneys are still able to function normally, kidney failure rarely occurs in the case of hydronephrosis.
Anyone of any age, even fetal development (prenatal hydronephrosis), can be affected by this condition. This treatment is done to get rid of people who are obstructing the flow of urine, either by administering medication or by surgery.
Symptoms of hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis can develop suddenly or slowly. Mild symptoms can include frequent urination and increased desire to urinate.
A number of other symptoms that accompany kidney swelling or hydronephrosis are:
- Abdominal and pelvic pain.
- nausea
- Gag.
- Can not completely empty the bladder.
- Pain when urinating or urinating (dysuria).
- hematuria
- The less urine comes out or the less urine.
- Symptoms of urinary tract infection, with dark urine, low urine output, chills, fever, or burning sensation during urination.
Hydronephrosis in infants usually does not cause symptoms, but signs of urinary tract infections, such as fever for no apparent reason, should be suspected as symptoms of hydronephrosis. Some cases of hydronephrosis in adults are asymptomatic.
Causes of hydronephrosis
Kidney swelling is a result of other diseases that affect the patient. Hydronephrosis occurs when there is a disruption or blockage in the urinary tract, so that urine is trapped in the kidney because it cannot be removed. This accumulation will cause kidney swelling or hydronephrosis.
Some conditions that can block urine flow and swell the kidneys are:
- Pregnancy Widening of the uterus during pregnancy can sometimes compress the ureter or channel that connects the kidneys to the bladder.
- Kidney stones can clog the ureter.
- Narrowing of the ureter due to formation of scar tissue after infection, surgery or treatment.
- Urine returns from the bladder to the kidneys (vesicoureteral reflux) or the channel that connects the bladder to the bladder.
- Various types of cancer or tumors develop around the urinary tract, bladder, pelvis or stomach.
- Disruption or damage to the bladder nerve or neurogenic bladder.
- Pelvic organs protrude from the vagina (prolapse).
Diagnosis of hydronephrosis
At the beginning of the examination, the doctor will ask questions about the symptoms and medical history of the patient and his family. In addition, the doctor can do a physical examination, including checking the condition of the urinary system and feel the condition of the kidneys by pressing gently on the stomach and pelvis.
To find the cause of hydronephrosis, a series of tests can be performed, including:
- Blood test, to find infection.
- Urine test, to see blood in the urine or infection.
- Intravenous urography, to see the condition of the urinary tract by injecting a special coloring agent into the blood, which is then observed with X-rays.
- Ultrasound of the kidneys by ultrasonography or computed tomography, which can show a clear picture of the kidneys.
Hydronephrosis treatment
Hydronephrosis manipulation aims to eliminate the blockage of urine flow, which is adjusted to the cause and severity of the patient.
Hydronephrosis that occurs in pregnant women, fetuses or infants usually does not require treatment. In pregnant women, the condition will usually improve a few weeks after giving birth. Whereas in infants, a few months after birth. However, analysis still needs to be done to avoid persistent problems.
In the case of kidney swelling due to a blockage of the ureter, the doctor can install a tube to dilate the ureter (stent) and drain urine into the bladder or nephrostomy duct which drains urine directly from the kidney outside the body. While giving antibiotics and painkillers can also be given to overcome urinary tract infections.
In addition to inserting a tube or administering a drug, a surgical procedure can also be performed by a doctor in the treatment of hydronephrosis. Surgery is performed to treat kidney swelling due to kidney stones or prostate enlargement. This procedure is also done in the case of scarring or blood clots, which cause urinary tract blockages. As for hydronephrosis due to cancer, surgical procedures may be related to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Complications of hydronephrosis
Possible complications due to hydronephrosis are kidney failure due to permanent kidney damage. This condition occurs if hydronephrosis is not treated properly. However, if the kidneys are still able to function normally, kidney failure rarely occurs in the case of hydronephrosis.
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