Understanding the causes of agranulocytosis and how to treat it
Agranulocytosis is a term used when bone marrow fails to form granulocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. If the body lacks granulocytes, a person may be more susceptible to infection.
Agranulocytosis causes insufficient immune system and can cause complaints that are easy to live due to chronic bacterial infections that often occur in the skin, lungs, throat, and others.
Recognize the causes of agranulocytosis
In general, there are two types of agranulocytosis. The first type is congenital and the second type can be obtained from certain drugs or medical procedures. One study found that about 70% of agranulocytosis cases were related to the effects of treatment. Drugs such as antipsychotics such as clozapine, antimalarials, drugs to treat hyperthyroidism and anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation.
In addition, several other factors that cause agranulocytosis include:
Agranulocytosis can occur in everyone, although it is more common in older people, as well as in children with congenital agranulocytosis. This disorder can also be affected by other medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases or tumors.
Symptoms caused
Most people with agranulocytosis will not have obvious symptoms. However, the possible symptoms are usually fever. In addition, it is certain that this disease will be more susceptible to infection because it does not contain enough white blood cells to fight germs effectively.
In addition to fever, other symptoms associated with infection may include:
The thing to watch out for is if the infection spreads rapidly throughout the body through the bloodstream, to trigger a life-threatening condition of sepsis. Sepsis can cause high fever which is difficult to treat, because an increase in heart rate can interfere with breathing.
How to treat Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis can be treated with antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections and is used to treat infections that develop. If agranulocytosis is caused by treatment, its consumption must be stopped. However, whether giving new drugs or stopping drugs, they must be under the supervision of a doctor.
In connection with certain other agranulocytosis treatments, including:
Granulocyte Colony Stimulant Factor (G-CSF)
If other treatments don't seem to be sufficient, your doctor can recommend treatments with G-CSF, which involve injections of hormones that stimulate the production of more granulocytes in the bone marrow. G-CSF is usually given by subcutaneous (subcutaneous) injection.
Bone marrow transplantation
In the case of agranulocytosis which can no longer be treated with ordinary drugs, a bone marrow transplant may be needed (if a suitable donor can be found). Bone marrow transplantation generally gives the best results in patients under 40 years with a good medical history.
In addition, people with agranulocytosis should avoid large numbers of people, especially when in contact with people with diseases caused by infections. Also avoid activities that are highly in contact with dust and dirt, such as riding a motorcycle or working in the field. In severe conditions, people with agranulocytosis can be invited to an isolation room to prevent infection.
Although agranulocytosis is difficult to prevent, proper examination can immediately determine the cause of the condition and provide appropriate treatment. If you have symptoms of agranulocytosis or if you use drugs that are known to trigger this disease, do not hesitate to consult with your doctor.
Agranulocytosis causes insufficient immune system and can cause complaints that are easy to live due to chronic bacterial infections that often occur in the skin, lungs, throat, and others.
In general, there are two types of agranulocytosis. The first type is congenital and the second type can be obtained from certain drugs or medical procedures. One study found that about 70% of agranulocytosis cases were related to the effects of treatment. Drugs such as antipsychotics such as clozapine, antimalarials, drugs to treat hyperthyroidism and anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce inflammation.
In addition, several other factors that cause agranulocytosis include:
- Change the function of the bone marrow
- chemotherapy
- Exposure to toxic substances such as arsenic or mercury.
Agranulocytosis can occur in everyone, although it is more common in older people, as well as in children with congenital agranulocytosis. This disorder can also be affected by other medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases or tumors.
Symptoms caused
Most people with agranulocytosis will not have obvious symptoms. However, the possible symptoms are usually fever. In addition, it is certain that this disease will be more susceptible to infection because it does not contain enough white blood cells to fight germs effectively.
In addition to fever, other symptoms associated with infection may include:
- Headache
- sweating
- Redness on the face
- happy
- Swollen lymph nodes
- transmission
- Sore throat.
The thing to watch out for is if the infection spreads rapidly throughout the body through the bloodstream, to trigger a life-threatening condition of sepsis. Sepsis can cause high fever which is difficult to treat, because an increase in heart rate can interfere with breathing.
How to treat Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis can be treated with antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections and is used to treat infections that develop. If agranulocytosis is caused by treatment, its consumption must be stopped. However, whether giving new drugs or stopping drugs, they must be under the supervision of a doctor.
In connection with certain other agranulocytosis treatments, including:
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- If agranulocytosis is affected by autoimmune disease, immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisone can be given.
Granulocyte Colony Stimulant Factor (G-CSF)
If other treatments don't seem to be sufficient, your doctor can recommend treatments with G-CSF, which involve injections of hormones that stimulate the production of more granulocytes in the bone marrow. G-CSF is usually given by subcutaneous (subcutaneous) injection.
Bone marrow transplantation
In the case of agranulocytosis which can no longer be treated with ordinary drugs, a bone marrow transplant may be needed (if a suitable donor can be found). Bone marrow transplantation generally gives the best results in patients under 40 years with a good medical history.
In addition, people with agranulocytosis should avoid large numbers of people, especially when in contact with people with diseases caused by infections. Also avoid activities that are highly in contact with dust and dirt, such as riding a motorcycle or working in the field. In severe conditions, people with agranulocytosis can be invited to an isolation room to prevent infection.
Although agranulocytosis is difficult to prevent, proper examination can immediately determine the cause of the condition and provide appropriate treatment. If you have symptoms of agranulocytosis or if you use drugs that are known to trigger this disease, do not hesitate to consult with your doctor.
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