Definition of cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is cancer that develops in cervical cells. In general, cervical cancer is asymptomatic at an early stage. New symptoms appear when the cancer has begun to spread. In many cases, cervical cancer is associated with sexually transmitted infections.

The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that is connected to the vagina. One of the functions of the cervix is mucus production. Mucus helps channel sperm from the vagina to the uterus during sex. In addition, the cervix will also close during pregnancy to keep the fetus in the womb and dilate or open during labor.


Cervical cancer is one of the most deadly types of cancer in women, besides breast cancer. According to research published by WHO in 2014, more than 92,000 deaths among Indonesian women were caused by cancer. Of these, 10% are caused by cervical cancer. Meanwhile, according to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, at least 15,000 cases of cervical cancer occur every year in Indonesia.

Types of cervical cancer
Detection of the type of cervical cancer experienced by patients will help doctors provide appropriate treatment. The types of cervical cancer are divided into two, namely:


  • Squamous cell carcinoma (KSS). CSC is the most common type of cervical cancer. SCC starts in squamous cells, which are cells lining the outside of the cervix.
  • Adenocarcinoma. This type of cervical cancer starts in cervical glandular cell cells.
In rare cases, the two types of cervical cancer described above can occur simultaneously.

Cervical cancer
The stage or stadium is used to explain the extent of the spread of cancer. The higher the stage of the cancer, the wider the spread. The following stages of cervical cancer are:

Step 1


  • Cancer cells grow on the surface of the cervix, but have not spread outside the uterus.
  • There is a possibility that the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet attacked the surrounding organs.
  • The size of the cancer varies, even more than 4 cm.

Step 2


  • The cancer has spread to the uterus, but not to the bottom of the vagina or pelvic wall.
  • There is a possibility that the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet attacked the surrounding organs.
  • The size of the cancer varies, even more than 4 cm.

Step 3


  • The cancer has spread to the bottom of the vagina and compresses the urinary tract and causes hydronephrosis.
  • There is a possibility that the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet attacked the surrounding organs.

Step 4

The cancer has spread to other organs, such as the bladder, liver, lungs, intestines or bones.
Research shows that life expectancy of cervical cancer patients depends on the experimental stage. However, life expectancy is only the percentage of patients who are still alive, five years after the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

For example, 80% life expectancy means that 80 out of 100 people survive 5 years after a diagnosis of cervical cancer. Please note that many patients live more than 5 years after being diagnosed with cervical cancer. Life expectancy of cervical cancer patients is as follows:


  • Step 1 - 80-93%
  • Step 2 - 58-63%
  • Step 3 - 32-35%
  • Step 4 - 15-16%


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