Measles
Measles is the appearance of reddish rashes all over the body due to a viral infection. Measles is an infectious disease that can cause serious complications, especially in infants and children.
Measles is caused by a virus that is transmitted by spraying saliva released by the patient when he coughs or sneezes. Transmission can also occur if a person touches his nose or mouth, after handling an object sprinkled with saliva.
Measles Symptoms
Measles is characterized by the appearance of a reddish rash that starts on the face and neck, and then spreads to most parts of the body. Initially, this rash is only small, but can fuse and form important rashes. Measles rash may look like rubella rash or pink rose disease.
The first symptoms of measles actually appear 3 to 5 days before the appearance of the rash. These symptoms are not typical and resemble flu symptoms, which are:
Measles symptoms usually last between 3 and 5 days and then gradually disappear. In many cases, measles sufferers will recover in 7 to 10 days
When to see a doctor
It is possible to prevent measles by giving the measles vaccine when the child is 9 months old and then continuing with the MMR vaccine at 15 months and 5 years. Follow the pediatrician's advice regarding immunization schedules for children.
Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect that you or your child have measles, especially if you use immunosuppressive drugs or if you have a disease that weakens the immune system, such as cancer or tuberculosis.
Handling must be done immediately if measles is accompanied by the following symptoms:
The doctor can determine which patients have measles by asking questions about their symptoms and examining the characteristics of the rash on their skin. But in some cases, doctors must take blood and saliva samples from patients to confirm the diagnosis.
Basically, there is no specific treatment for measles treatment, because measles can heal itself in 7 to 10 days. However, several steps can be taken to ease the symptoms, namely:
Children with measles must be monitored regularly because they are vulnerable to other diseases, such as ear infections or wet lungs. If this happens, immediately consult your child at the doctor to get antibiotics.
It is important to remember not to give aspirin to children. This drug can trigger Reye's syndrome, which can be fatal.
Patients with measles who are deficient in vitamin A tend to have more severe symptoms. Therefore, doctors usually give vitamin A supplements, so that the symptoms of measles are not too severe.
Give vaccines and antibodies
Patients who have not been immunized against measles can still receive measles vaccine within 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. The vaccine given after exposure to measles aims to reduce the severity of symptoms.
Doctors can also give antibody injections to patients with low immunity, babies and pregnant women. If given within 6 days of infection, antibodies can relieve symptoms.
Measles Complications
Most measles sufferers recover in a few days. But in some cases, measles can cause serious complications, such as:
Measles can cause many complications for the fetus, such as premature birth, low birth weight, or even fetal death, in pregnant women, especially those who have not been immunized.
In rare cases, measles can also cause complications in the form of:
The main prevention of measles is provided by measles immunization and the MMR vaccine. Measles vaccination is given at the age of 9 months, and the MMR vaccine is a combination vaccine for the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella. MMR vaccination is carried out at 15 months and repeated at 5 years.
Remember that the MMR vaccine should not be given to pregnant women. If you have not received the MMR vaccine, do it at least a month before planning a pregnancy.
To prevent measles transmission to others, especially people with weakened immune systems, people suffering from measles are advised to remain at home. The aim is to prevent people with measles contacting others at least 4 days after the onset of the rash.
Measles is caused by a virus that is transmitted by spraying saliva released by the patient when he coughs or sneezes. Transmission can also occur if a person touches his nose or mouth, after handling an object sprinkled with saliva.
Measles Symptoms
Measles is characterized by the appearance of a reddish rash that starts on the face and neck, and then spreads to most parts of the body. Initially, this rash is only small, but can fuse and form important rashes. Measles rash may look like rubella rash or pink rose disease.
The first symptoms of measles actually appear 3 to 5 days before the appearance of the rash. These symptoms are not typical and resemble flu symptoms, which are:
- fever
- transmission
- Painful rheumatic pain
- Cold
- Nasal congestion
- Dry cough
- Diarrhea
- vomit
- Loss of appetite
- Red eyes, flowing and sensitive to light
- The eyelid swells
- White spots appear on the mouth
Measles symptoms usually last between 3 and 5 days and then gradually disappear. In many cases, measles sufferers will recover in 7 to 10 days
When to see a doctor
It is possible to prevent measles by giving the measles vaccine when the child is 9 months old and then continuing with the MMR vaccine at 15 months and 5 years. Follow the pediatrician's advice regarding immunization schedules for children.
Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect that you or your child have measles, especially if you use immunosuppressive drugs or if you have a disease that weakens the immune system, such as cancer or tuberculosis.
Handling must be done immediately if measles is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Remove blood
- hard to breathe
- Chest pain
- confused
- convulsions
The doctor can determine which patients have measles by asking questions about their symptoms and examining the characteristics of the rash on their skin. But in some cases, doctors must take blood and saliva samples from patients to confirm the diagnosis.
Basically, there is no specific treatment for measles treatment, because measles can heal itself in 7 to 10 days. However, several steps can be taken to ease the symptoms, namely:
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen to relieve pain and fever.
- Take a shower with warm water to soothe a cold or stuffy nose.
- Clean the eyes with wet cotton.
- Adjust the light in the room so it is not too dazzling.
- Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration and reduce throat discomfort caused by coughing.
- Drink lukewarm water mixed with lemon or honey to relieve coughing and dissolve mucus in the throat. However, do not give honey to children under 1 year.
Children with measles must be monitored regularly because they are vulnerable to other diseases, such as ear infections or wet lungs. If this happens, immediately consult your child at the doctor to get antibiotics.
It is important to remember not to give aspirin to children. This drug can trigger Reye's syndrome, which can be fatal.
Patients with measles who are deficient in vitamin A tend to have more severe symptoms. Therefore, doctors usually give vitamin A supplements, so that the symptoms of measles are not too severe.
Give vaccines and antibodies
Patients who have not been immunized against measles can still receive measles vaccine within 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. The vaccine given after exposure to measles aims to reduce the severity of symptoms.
Doctors can also give antibody injections to patients with low immunity, babies and pregnant women. If given within 6 days of infection, antibodies can relieve symptoms.
Measles Complications
Most measles sufferers recover in a few days. But in some cases, measles can cause serious complications, such as:
- Dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting
- Inflammation of the vocal cords
- Eye infection
- Ear infection
- Pneumonia
- convulsions
Measles can cause many complications for the fetus, such as premature birth, low birth weight, or even fetal death, in pregnant women, especially those who have not been immunized.
In rare cases, measles can also cause complications in the form of:
- Inflammation and brain infection
- Liver infection or hepatitis
- Infection of the eye nerve
- Strabismus or strabismus
- Nervous system and heart problems
The main prevention of measles is provided by measles immunization and the MMR vaccine. Measles vaccination is given at the age of 9 months, and the MMR vaccine is a combination vaccine for the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella. MMR vaccination is carried out at 15 months and repeated at 5 years.
Remember that the MMR vaccine should not be given to pregnant women. If you have not received the MMR vaccine, do it at least a month before planning a pregnancy.
To prevent measles transmission to others, especially people with weakened immune systems, people suffering from measles are advised to remain at home. The aim is to prevent people with measles contacting others at least 4 days after the onset of the rash.
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